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Thailand: 20th Century to Present

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The absolute rule of the monarchy in Thailand came to an end in 1932 as the result of a peaceful coup. A constitution was created, leaving the monarchy with influence but much less political power. The new constitutional monarchy government faced many internal conflicts and infighting. Later, a nationalist movement emerged as the name of the country was changed from Siam to Thailand, meaning “land of the free.” Along with the nationalism was also a trend of adopting more and more western ways, such as dressing in the European styled fashions. World War II nearly brought Thailand into war against the Allies, but a refusal of the Thai Ambassador to deliver the declaration of war to the US officials kept that from happening. Instead, a movement was started to help the Thai defeat the Japanese, who at one point had over 150,000 troops stationed on Thai soil. The mid and late 20th century has been characterized by numerous coups and overturns of government, with the issue of military influence and power being at stake in some instances. The current constitution was signed by King Bhumibol in 1997.

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